Biblical Philosophy of Education Research Paper

Biblical Philosophy of Education - Research Paper Example The Purpose of Education According to the Biblical message, the purpose of education is to increase in the knowledge of God and to subject the Earth and the Sea and the Sky to Gods glory. To illustrate, it is stated in Habakkuk 2:14 that â€Å"Earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea†. A look into John 8:31-32 gives further clarification to the issue. It states â€Å"If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.† Evidently, the purpose of Christian education is to become the Disciples of Christ by knowing the truth. Education has no meaning except as it relates to a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. To illustrate, Matthew 16:26 states, â€Å"What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?† A similar notion comes from Ecclesiastes 1:14, which states â€Å"I have seen all the things that are done under the sun; all of them are meaningless, a chasing after the wind. Philippians 3:8 proclaims â€Å"I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish that I may gain Christ†. ... The second main point evident from the biblical philosophy is that education should support our proclamation of the truth. For example, 1Peter 3:15 states â€Å"Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have.† The third purpose of education is that it should facilitate our service to God and to people (Matthew 22:37-39), and the fourth purpose is that it should equip us to watch out that no one deceives us (Mathew 24:4, 5). However, if someone is to believe that the Bible is against using education as a means of livelihood, it is necessary to look into Genesis. It states, learning should equip us to work for a living and to support our families (Genesis 3:19). In addition, Proverbs 31:10-31 shows how skilled the wife of a noble character is. She does a number of works ranging from selecting wool and flax, and works with eager hands. Evidently, Bible is not against using skills and education as a means to survive, but it only glorifies the same. For evidence, 2 Timothy 3: 16-17 says that â€Å"man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work†. In order to understand the purpose of education in a church perspective, one should listen to Colossians 1:17. It states, â€Å"He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together†. Thus, it is evidently said that true knowledge is possible only when it is grounded in God. In other words, the ones who do not acknowledge this fail in their interpretation of facts. A look into the Colossians 2: 2-10 will prove what the purpose of education is. It goes â€Å"my purpose is that they may†¦know the mystery of god, namely Christ in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. I tell you this so that no one may deceive you by

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market Essay - 1

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market structures - Essay Example The sellers have the aim to provide the products and services as per the highest quality standards and at a minimum price as compared to the competitors. Since all the sellers have the same objective, it creates the scenario of perfect competition where the buyers have the highest bargaining power (McNulty, 1967). In a perfectly competitive market, it is very difficult to choose between the products and services sold in the market. The firms tend to maximize profits under the strict conditions of a perfectly competitive market where the buyers and the sellers are aware of all the information of the market. The barriers to entry and exit from the market is very less. The returns to the investments do not have large scope of enhancement in future (Marshall, 2006). The monopoly market structure resembles the form of market where a certain product or services is manufactured or supplied by a single firm. The monopoly market signifies minimal competition among the firms operating in the market. The buyers also have practically no options to avail substitute products and services. In a monopoly market structure, the business is the price setter and has the ability to charge high prices (Mankiw, 2011). The customers in a monopoly market has the lowest bargaining power as there is no availability of substitute products and services.The government encourage monopoly in certain sectors in order to provide economic benefits to the people by reduction of the market risk. The barriers to entry into the monopoly market is very high. In a monopoly market, it is observed that only one firm tends to dominate the market supply. The price discrimination is observed as characteristics of the monopoly market as the sellers vary the price of the products in comp arison to the quantity of the products (Hall and  Lieberman, 2009). In several jurisdiction, the monopoly form of market structure is prohibited in

Biblical Philosophy of Education Research Paper

Biblical Philosophy of Education - Research Paper Example The Purpose of Education According to the Biblical message, the purpose of education is to increase in the knowledge of God and to subject the Earth and the Sea and the Sky to Gods glory. To illustrate, it is stated in Habakkuk 2:14 that â€Å"Earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea†. A look into John 8:31-32 gives further clarification to the issue. It states â€Å"If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.† Evidently, the purpose of Christian education is to become the Disciples of Christ by knowing the truth. Education has no meaning except as it relates to a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. To illustrate, Matthew 16:26 states, â€Å"What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?† A similar notion comes from Ecclesiastes 1:14, which states â€Å"I have seen all the things that are done under the sun; all of them are meaningless, a chasing after the wind. Philippians 3:8 proclaims â€Å"I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish that I may gain Christ†. ... The second main point evident from the biblical philosophy is that education should support our proclamation of the truth. For example, 1Peter 3:15 states â€Å"Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have.† The third purpose of education is that it should facilitate our service to God and to people (Matthew 22:37-39), and the fourth purpose is that it should equip us to watch out that no one deceives us (Mathew 24:4, 5). However, if someone is to believe that the Bible is against using education as a means of livelihood, it is necessary to look into Genesis. It states, learning should equip us to work for a living and to support our families (Genesis 3:19). In addition, Proverbs 31:10-31 shows how skilled the wife of a noble character is. She does a number of works ranging from selecting wool and flax, and works with eager hands. Evidently, Bible is not against using skills and education as a means to survive, but it only glorifies the same. For evidence, 2 Timothy 3: 16-17 says that â€Å"man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work†. In order to understand the purpose of education in a church perspective, one should listen to Colossians 1:17. It states, â€Å"He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together†. Thus, it is evidently said that true knowledge is possible only when it is grounded in God. In other words, the ones who do not acknowledge this fail in their interpretation of facts. A look into the Colossians 2: 2-10 will prove what the purpose of education is. It goes â€Å"my purpose is that they may†¦know the mystery of god, namely Christ in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. I tell you this so that no one may deceive you by

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel - Essay Example This "Strategic plan for Eco-travel" essay outlines the necessity of strategic plan to make every business successful. The author analyzes a new business concept such as Eco-travel and a strategic plan for it. Eco-travel is a small scale business operating in the tourism sector and it is concerned with the provision of hospitality services to customers who mainly visit local community tourist attractions which are often overlooked by other big, established players in the same industry. This is a new business concept in the tourism sector which is dominated by established corporations. The customers mainly comprise of people from local communities as well as others from the neighbouring communities. Regional as well as visitors from different parts of the country are not excluded. The idea of this service was conceived after realising that established tourist operators often shunned local community resort centres as these were often regarded as small. Competitive prices will be offere d in order to stimulate business in this new tourism sector. â€Å"To provide a platform where all our customers can gain knowledge about their local heritage through promoting community tourism in a bid to bridge the knowledge gap existing among targeted clients.† Knowledge management is a key to the success of the company given that it is primarily concerned with educating people so that they become aware of the essence of protecting the environment in order to preserve their local natural heritage. In this case, the mission of the organisation demands that the knowledge base as well as capacity building among the targeted consumers have to be increased in order for the business to achieve its set goals. Measures have to be put in place to enable free acquisition, sharing and processing of information that can be in turn converted into valuable knowledge to the organisation. 1.2 Vision for Eco-travel â€Å"We are committed to become a leading community tour operator through responding to customer needs and changes that may take place in the market at competitive rates that are unmatched.† The organisation’s overall vision is mainly concerned with becoming a leader in the local community tourism sector in the future through harnessing on the strategy of knowledge creation management among the stakeholders involved. In order to achieve this feat, the company will primarily focus on quickly responding to the needs of the customers as well as constantly scanning the bu siness environment for any changes that may affect its operations. The

Singapore education system Essay Example for Free

Singapore education system Essay Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would like to know the views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve  the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytech nics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications.

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication English Language Essay

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication English Language Essay Introduction The communication process made of  a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. Communication means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in leading a normal life. We all communicate in our own way but we need to learn how to do it effectively. Communication has two types, there is verbal communication and non verbal communication. The verbal is includes oral communication mean that through words and writing. Example, a lecturer writing at the whiteboard and speaking at the class, and the students are writing what the lecturer spoke out and read what lecturer wrote out. Second, non-verbal communication is without words mean that is expressive behaviors and body language/body signal. Examples, a boy kiss a girl to show the girl that he love her. The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective commun ication. It is through the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication process will have the opportunity to become more productive in every aspect of their profession. Effective communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback. There are also two other factors in the process, and those two factors are present in the form of the sender and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. When encoding a message, the sender has to begin by deciding what he/she wants to transmit. This decision by the sender is based on what he/she believes about the receivers knowledge and assumptions, along with what additional information he/she wants the receiver to have. It is important for the sender to use symbols that ar e familiar to the intended receiver. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message, is to mentally visualize the communication from the receivers point of view. 1.1Types of Communication Communication can occur via various processes and methods and depending on the channel used and the style of communication there can be various types of communication. 1.1.1 Verbal communication Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogs are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type of verbal communication is written communication. Written communication can be via letters, newspaper, mail, or email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, grammar, vocabulary used, clarity and precision of language. Below are some types of verbal communication: Types of verbal communication -speaking and writing -reading and listening Face to face discussions Telephone conversations 1.1.2 Non-verbal communication Non-verbal communication is includes the body language or expressive behaviors of the person who is doing, which will include the body posture, overall body movements, and the hand gestures. The facial expressions are also play a major role while communication since the expressions on a persons face say a lot about his/her mood. On the other hand gestures like a handshake, wave hand to say hello or goodbye, a smile or a hug can independently convey emotions. Another example, a person want to show uncertainty will make some ehhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ahhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ermm sounds to mean that are not sure. Non verbal communication can also be in the form of pictorial representations, signboards, or even photographs, sketches and paintings. Types of non verbal -facial expression and eye behavior -gestures and postures -vocal characteristic -personal appearance -touching behavior -use of time and space Verbal communication also includes the written word. Written includes emails, books, letters, magazines, newspapers, notes, faxes, announcements, commercials etc. Anything that is written is also verbal communication. Oral communication has also besides real words, mere grunts, cries, whimpers that people make. Each sound we make can be interpreted and seen as a certain language. Communicating with others is done more easy and it`s more easy also to understand if the two people speak the same language. 1.2 Process of Communication Channel Medium Receivers send feedback to sender Sender has an idea1 6 Sender transform idea into message Receiver interprets message Speaking Verbal 2 5 Receiver gets message Sender transmit message Writing Non-Verbal 3 4 1.3 How does one ensure that the intended audience has received the right message? Communication is a two way process. It needs to have a sender, a receiver and a message. In order to have a successful ensure that the intended audience has received the right message, we need to send the message clearly. The key to a great communication understands each other. We should know that when communicating, there might appear some barriers. Below are some of barriers of communication: Between people 1) Difference in perception 2) Incorrect filtering 3) Language problems 4) Poor listening 5) Different emotional states 6) Different background 7) Misunderstandings Within organization 1) Information overload 2) Message complexity 3) Message competition 4) Lack of trust 5) Inadequate communication structure Very important when communicating to also listen to what the other person is saying. Communicating can be through body language, through signs or through visual representations. People have found many ways to communicate. The second most important way to communicate is through body language. The way we move our body and the mimics we make sends also a message, that`s why we should learn how to control our body language. Below is some way to ensure that the intended audience has received the right message: Sending the  Message There are four  elements involved  in  sending  a  message.  First,  as  the sender, formulate the  message intend to communicate. Next, consider  possible barriers  that may affect the message. This  includes experience,  the term  will  use  and  even feeling toward the subject  or  the audience. External  barriers  such  as  noise  must  also be considered. Third, encode  the message, you put  the  message into the  words you want to use. Last,  clearly communicate  (send) the message. Receiving The Message, there  are  also  four  elements  involved  in receiving a  message. The audience (receivers)  will first hear and/or see the message you sent. Second,  the message is  affected  by external barriers, if any, and  the audience own internal barriers.  Possible  internal barriers may  include  the audience experience  level,  their understanding of  the  terms used, their attitu de toward  the material,  or the way  they feel about you. Third, the audience decodes  the  message through the use of mental images. For instance, when you say the word  circus, the receiver does  not see the  letters that  form the word. Instead,  a mental  image  of some sort appears.  Fourth, the audience interpret the message.  Clearly,  at this  point in the process there  is  no  way  for you to determine that  all of the audience received the message you intended.   To determine this, you must get feedback. Feedback Feedback, which may take several  forms, provides essential information about your success in communicating the message.   To get feedback, have the audience respond to oral questions and  encourage  them  to ask questions.  The audience  non-verbal  behaviors also  provide important clues  as  to  their  understanding  of  the  material. Facial expressions and body movements  often  indicate  when  audiences are  unsure  about  the  meaning  of  your message.   Ã‚  You should  be careful in accepting a yes response  when you ask Do you understand? Obtain meaningful  feedback by  asking questions  that  require  the audience to  provide  answer which indicate that they in fact  do understand exactly  what  you  intended. Listening Listening is one of our most important communication skills.  It   is   an   active   process   of hearing   and   understanding   that   demands   concentration   and   attention.   Both you and your audience have responsibilities in the communication process. You must ensure that  the learning environment is free of distractions that might interfere with the audience ability  to listen. Be alert to the non-verbal behaviors of your audience. Facial expressions  reveal  much  of what is  happening  in  the mind  of  a  audience. A quizzical look indicates some misunderstanding has occurred or  a question needs  to  be  addressed.  An audience leaning slightly forward and maintaining good eye contact  with  you  is probably interested and sincere about  learning. Raised hands and relevant questions  are sure signs that you are communicating effectively. Learn to determine if audiences are   Ã‚  listening  by the type of  feedback they  provide. Effective   Ã‚  listening depends on motivation, and you are the prime motivator in your classroom. Audience  should  arrive  for instruction ready to  learn. They should participate and ask questions as they  arise.  Audience must  understand  that they  have  responsibility for their own learning. This requires active listening on their part. 1.4 Conclusion Communication is a two way process. It needs to have a sender, a receiver and a message. In order to have a successful ensure that the intended audience has received the right message, we need to send the message clearly. The key to a great communication understands each other. We should know that when communicating, there might appear some barriers. The communication process made of  a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. Communication means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in leading a normal life. We all communicate in our own way but we need to learn how to do it effectively. Question 2 2.0 Introduction Nowadays, many youngsters and gamers who like to catch up latest home video game console are using and playing Play station 3, Xbox 360, Wii in their house as it would be exciting, high graphic and satisfy gamers needs such as following games Final Fantasy VII, Metal Gear Solid 4, Assassins Creed and more. Why many people like to play home video game console? Because the PS3, Xbox 360, Wii user can entertainment at home without go out and the main point is the games graphic is High Density, everything in the game is very nice, lifelike, clearly. Our Company SonyZ has recently brought in Play station 4 (PS4), which is a high-tech slim home video game console with competes with Microsofts Xbox 360 and Nintendos Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Play station 4 is the third home video game console produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and the successor to the PlayStation 3 as part of the PlayStation series. This product is suitable for teenagers and game rs. Though there are many different types of home video game console out in the market, Play station 3 serves as an effective and high quality product due to its top-notch built-in features and functions.The redesigned, slimmer version of the PlayStation 3 (commonly referred to as the PS4 Slim and officially branded PS4) is currently the only model in production. It features an upgradeable 120  GB, 160  GB, 250  GB or 320  GB hard drive and is 33% smaller, 36% lighter and consumes 34% (CECH-20xx) or 45% (CECH-21xx) less power than the previous model, or one third of the original PS4 model. The Cell microprocessor has moved to a 45  nm manufacturing process, which lets it run cooler and quieter than previous models, and the cooling system has been redesigned. The RSX moved to a 40  nm process in the latest revision. The PS4 slim also includes support for CEC (more commonly referred to by its manufacturer brandings of BraviaSync, VIERA Link, EasyLink etc.) which allows control of the console over HDMI by using the TVs remote control. The PS4 Slim no longer has the main power switch like the previous PS3 models, similar to redesigned PlayStation 3 slim. Support for emulation to play PS3 titles is not present in the Slim version. This product will soon-to-be-launched. The PlayStation 3 features a slot-loading 2x speed Blu-ray Disc drive for games, Blu-ray movies, DVDs, CDs and other optical media. It was originally available with hard drives of 20 and 60  GB (20  GB model was not available in PAL regions) but various sizes up to 320  GB have been made available since then (see: model comparison). All PS3 models have user-upgradeable 2.5 SATA hard drives. The PlayStation 3 uses the Sony, Toshiba, IBM-designed Cell microprocessor as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2  GHz PowerPC-based Power Processing Element (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the consoles operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX Reality Synthesizer, which can output resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. The PlayStation 3 has 256  MB of XD R DRAM main memory and 256  MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX. The system has Bluetooth 2.0 (with support for up to 7 bluetooth devices), gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0 and HDMI 1.4built in on all currently shipping models. Wi-Fi networking is also built-in on all but the 20  GB models, while a flash card reader (compatible with Memory Stick, SD/MMC and CompactFlash/Microdrive media) is built-in on 60  GB and CECHExx 80  GB models. 2.1 How to communicate target audience to persuade them to buy this product First, know our audience. Not just the demos, but what are their needs, desires, goals and more. When you know that, look at your product/service to see how it addresses those needs. Think, too, of how it does it in ways that no other competing product can. And push beyond that to think about the ways in which our product enhances their lives that may not be readily obvious to them. Now, you have the keys to developing a message that reaches the right audience and develops the right connect. And if know our audience that well, you also know where to find them TV viewers, internet users, newspaper readers and more. That allows you to build a strategy laying out the key points or messages you want to convey and the optimal places or ways to convey it. But whatever you do, be present and genuine in your communications. Be engaged with the audience. Reply, chat, take criticism with praise, but stay in the conversation. Thats where really start to build the connect. And also, we will use the verbal and non verbal to communicate our product to persuade target audience to buy our product. Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogs are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type of verbal communication is written communication. Written communication can be via letters, newspaper, mail, or email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, grammar, vocabulary used, clarity and precision of language. 2.2 ADDITIONAL BENEFITS Every purchasers of PS 3 will have one year warranty. Consumer can send back the PS 3 to our branches if the Play station got any problem without more than one year after purchased and not include those problems such as, the Play station was soaked by water, destroyed intentionally, lost cases. If some company makes an order in more than 100~30 units of Play station 3, delivery is available. The products we sold out are not refundable. Any purchased with cash, credit card and cheque are acceptable. 2.3 Advertisement for this product We advertising it by media, this means sharing information through radio, TV or Internet. Many computer users can find our product through internet. By advertising, it also includes billboards, flyers, banners, pamphlets, bus shelters and more. . Besides that , our company used promotion the element of the service mix which allows the consumer know our latest product by many way of promote, example : our product has invite some artist to advertisement in TV , big poster beside the highway road to let consumer know it, radio ,newspaper ,phone magazines , upload to internet web to let consumer know our product. And also, By PR (or Public Relations), these are the people a business hires to get their message out to others (like news outlets for example) for them to carry the message to customers or potential customers. A good way to get lots of free coverage. Besides that, by email send and receive information to keep customers informed and clear, and by online chat sessions are an effe ctive and common way to resolve customer complaints via the business web site. At last, by mail; many businesses send information as advertising or announcements using postal mail.

Characterization in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goo

  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay will demonstrate the types of characters present in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or telling.    R. W. B. Lewis in â€Å"The Return into Rime: Hawthorne† states: â€Å"†¦ there is always more to the world in which Hawthorne’s characters move than any one of them can see at a glance† (77). This is especially true with such flat or two-dimensional characters as are generally found in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† These type characters are built on a â€Å"single idea or quality† and are presented without much â€Å"individualizing detail† (Abrams 33). Faith, of course, represents or symbolizes the theological virtue of faith; Goody Cloyse, as a catechism teacher, represents â€Å"goodness†; the unnamed fellow-traveller in the woods is symbolic of â€Å"evil.† Q. D. Leavis explains this symbolic use of characters: â€Å"The first batch of works I specified [including ‘Young Goodman Brown’] is essentially dramatic, its use of language is poetic, and it is symbolic, and richly so, as is the dramatic poet’ s. . . Where the â€Å"symbol† is the thing itself, with no separable paraphrasable meaning as in an allegory: the language is directly evocative (27).    The flat character Faith is not developed like her husband; her dialogue is restricted to the opening few paragraphs. She speaks only four sentences in the entire story:    "Dearest heart," whispered she, softly and rather sadly, when her lips were close to his ear, "pr'ythee, put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed tonight. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and such thoughts, that she's afeard of herself, sometimes. Pray, tarry with me this night, dear husb... ...ng Goodman Brown.† 1835. http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html    Kaul, A.N. â€Å"Introduction.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Lewis, R. W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.