Technology Forecast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Technology Forecast - Research Paper Example It is for this reason that smart phone devices are ever power stingy. A Neuromorphic chip refers to minute microprocessors which are configured to replicate the work of the human brain. The neuromorphic chips replicate the functioning of the biological neurons that are found in the human brain. The chips provide an insight on how the brain of a rational human being processes information. If the technology is actualized, it would lead to the development of electronic systems that are extremely fast, utilize minimal power and can easily make sense of sensory input and undertake to deliver in real time the tasks that are user defined (Rothenbuhler, 2013). More significantly, devices that are based on the neuromorphic chip will have the ability to interact with the world in exactly the same manner a human being would. Robotic medical devices will be in a position to track a patient’s response to medication over a certain time period and learn to review the dosage limit and catch other problems just like a doctor would. Just by wearing a smartphone gear, it may work with the brain to establish who one is thinking about and in that instance place a call to that particular person. Alarms in the schedule might go off in the expected time even though such alarms were not preset. . Toby Delbruck and Shih-Chii Liu (2012) observe that conventional technology has always been far outpaced by biological efficiency and it is for this reason that neuromorphic engineering designers have set out to develop electronic systems which have a similar computational style with the human biological system. The authors observe that neuromoprhic engineers are already making notable milestones characterized by the ever increasing number of sensory applications and sensors that have the capacity to communicate through signals that resemble the neural spikes in a human brain. Other pointer towards the expected breakthrough and large scale deployment of the neuromorphic chips

Analyse how students at the University of Gloucestershire can take Essay

Analyse how students at the University of Gloucestershire can take full advantage of the opportunities offered to develop their employability skills - Essay Example gathered that expectation of employers has shifted from academic result and degree to employability skills such as teamwork, leadership, positive attitude and motivation and relative work experience (Snowden, 2011; Mason, Williams and Cranmer, 2006). The UK job industry is evolving rapidly and drastic change has been observed in demand of skilled workforce in past few years. However, it was observed in surveys that UK universities are making very weak contribution in this regard. It was gathered that 50percent and above surveyed graduates alleged that their universities did not take sufficient measures to develop their employability skills (Weinstein, 2014). The UK universities make yearly contribution of  £59 billion towards the economy and are essentially responsible for generating high skilled workforce, imparting non-academic skills such as innovation and training and raising standard of education (Snowden, 2011). The paper assesses and critically examines the opportunities that are being presented to graduates by University of Gloucestershire for developing their employability skills and recommendations have been provided accordingly. Employability skills are referred to set of attributes that helps individuals to respond accurately to the changing environment of workplace and to make positive contribution towards organisational success and personal growth and development. Employability skills deliver benefits to employers as well as employees and include skills such as self-management, accountability, time management, team working, consumer awareness and awareness of business environment, problem solving, positive attitude, entrepreneurship, communication skill and analytical skill (CBI, 2009; Mason, Williams and Cranmer, 2006). Employers make heavy investment in developing skills among new recruits by means of training and development post joining. However, the level of basic expectations has increased over the years. Presently, they want individuals to

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Elizabeth Bennet receives two proposals; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He always made never ending speeches about nothing and bored everyone to death. Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately. He begged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of its cooking was owed. -By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lack of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennets sarcasm often went completely unnoticed. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusement! Lady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way; because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs home. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet cannot leave the house to his wife; women couldnt inherit. In Mr Collins letter, he proposes to make peace with the family. Mr Darcy on the other hand was very good looking. He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mien He is also described as a fine figure of a man. But he was soon to be discovered to be proud above his company. He was clever, but at the same time he was haughty, reserved and fastidious. He owned Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew it; He had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest. Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence. Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldnt see the funny side of life whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcys father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him. Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writes; I cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends. On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet said; I can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them. -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions. Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income; Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who thought he should marry. So for the first evening Jane was the settled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was informed by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to dance several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Then at Sir William Lucass party, William tried to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with; I have not the least intention of dancing. -this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he just stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcys defending her said; I am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has rather affected your admiration for her fine eyes. I think when she says this shes half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning? -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennets permission to propose. He then launched straight into his speech. Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to start before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through. Mr Collins first said hed chosen Lizzy almost as soon as hed met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourghs advice. Hed obviously planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in love with her! Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearly; In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you. Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it! For instance, he said that if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she stays single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies. Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his wish to do so with her connections and status; His sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination. When he was turned down he thought she was just offended; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, your connections? He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even rejoiced in his success of doing so. In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents approved of the marriage. Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlier; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? But after saying these words he accepted her answer. Both proposals were made for very different reasons; Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down; although Mr Collins couldnt take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions. They both involved a lot of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls; both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage. In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.

Philosophy of Nursing: Reflection

Philosophy of Nursing: Reflection A philosophy is a statement of belief about something. Humans, their health, and the environment in which they live and function are phenomena of particular interest to nursing. Learning to reflect critically on ones practice requires considerable effort. It is also essential to being an excellent practitioner. Being able to think about and to explain your beliefs about the basic concepts of your practice provides the framework for your practice. Do remember that what you write today is not written in stone. As you learn new information and expand your professional practice your thoughts and beliefs about these phenomena may very well change. View this assignment as an opportunity to articulate your thoughts about these four concepts. My Belief is Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery You need to include the following items: 1. An introduction to the paper that includes a brief overview of the paradigm. 2. A statement and explanation of your beliefs in relation to each of the four concepts included in the paradigm of nursing (humans, health, nursing, environment). While there is no minimum requirement for the length of each `statement and explanation,` many fall into the range of three (3) to five (5) paragraphs for each component of the paradigm. Some questions you may want to ask and answer for yourself are: What is the essence of human? What is health? Illness? Wellness? How are they related? What is the reason for nursings existence? How do I facilitate a clients movement toward health? These are just suggestions. You are NOT required to respond to the questions listed in this paragraph. As you consider your explanation of how you have reached this belief, i.e. `This I believe about . . . because. . .`, you may want to review some of the information from previous NRSE 300 modules. The Paradigm Online Writing Assistant has guidelines about writing a Thesis/Support Essay. This can help you in the construction of the paper. You need to document your explanation with material from the textbook, from the videos, from your practice, and from at least two sources that are not listed in your class materials. 3. Choose one of the nurse theorists you viewed. Compare your beliefs to those expressed or implied by the Jean Watson. How similar are your beliefs? What differences exist? 4. The final section of the paper is to be a statement of your philosophy of nursing. It may help to go to the Ohio School of Nursing website and read the Philosophy of the School of Nursing. It will give you a sense of one style of writing a philosophy. The philosophy is a distillation of the thinking you did to write your beliefs and explanations. It usually takes the form of one to three sentences about each of the components with linking comments about how they relate to each other to form your personal philosophy of nursing. 5. Paper will be typed. Double-space the body of the paper. Use APA format for headings and references. Make sure that your name is on each page of the paper. Use the running head style as explained in the APA Manual. Proofread the paper. Do NOT rely solely on spell check. It will not tell you when you wrote `of` when you intended to write `or.` There is no specified length for this paper. They usually run between 3 and 6 pages of double-space Introduction Nursing refers to a contact or a bond that exists between two or more persons in which one of the two persons provide professional care to the other in addition to providing advice with an aim of improving the health of the other individual an preventing illness. Philosophy of nursing may refer to beliefs that different individuals have towards nursing. Humans refer to the primates in the family of hominids. They have a brain which is highly expanded enabling them to solve problems through reasoning, control of emotions, use of language and introspection. Humans are always craving to understand the world around them and influence the natural occurrences. Health refers to a state of well being where there is no sickness and reflects the social, physical, spiritual and mental fitness of an individual. Good health may be brought about by a balanced diet, exercise and rest. Nursing refers to a science in which the person involved aims at ensuring a good health for individuals, families and communities. In general, the science of nursing aims at upholding the quality of life. Environment is defined as the extensive information on issues, programs and policies affecting our surrounding. It refers to anything internal or external that may create some impact in the life of an individual including all the living and non living organisms that exist on the earth. Humans A good pain control after surgery when accompanied by appropriate community health services enables an individual to rebuild him or herself. It is however the responsibility of every person to ensure that the nurse or the doctor knows about him or herself before the pain control is administered on him or her. This the patient could do by enabling the doctor to know about his or her drug addiction either the past or present. Surgery of the stomach is a very painful one and the drug history of a person may affect the persons tolerance to the pain or response to the pain relievers. The pain control in patients also depends on the age of the patient as well the conditions of health of the individual before the surgery. Controlling pain after surgery is a very essential step in the life of a patient as it helps the individual to gain the best results on functionality. This is appropriate because the pain after surgery increases the functionality of the patient. Patients who before the surgery were on pain medication do require an administration of extended pain medication. Otherwise the patient may require shorter acting pain medications for the control of pain. Nursing The belief that good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery relates to nursing in the sense that nurses have been found to be mediums through which terminal care at home can be improved. Pain control is one of the components of quality terminal care in the community. Patients who have undergone surgery should be given enough advice by the nurses on where to get help if necessary. In addition to this they should be given appropriate analgesics to carry home which should be accompanied by sufficient instructions on their usage. Nevertheless, patients should be given both verbal and written information about pain so that and how pain can be reduced. The nursing staff should always be there for patients to advice them and to discuss with them their choice of a pain relieving techniques. The pain that is experienced by patients after surgery is usually very great that it should not be underestimated. This is because the pain does different implications on both the patients and the community health services. A proper pain control after surgery therefore requires the intervention of the nurse which will give way for community health services thus helping the patient to gain his or her health back. Nurses facilitates the process of pain control and ensures that it well managed to speed the process of recovering of a patient. Health The health of a person enables that person to function mentally, spiritually, physically and socially in full ability. The belief that a good pain control and community health service helps an individual to rebuild after a surgery relates to health in the sense that an individual will only have a good health when he or she is not in pain. A person is considered to fully healthy if he or she is not feeling any pain. Surgery involves a lot of pain therefore after a surgery an individual requires pain relief which is achieved through proper pain control by the nurses to enable him or her to function properly both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially. When a person is in pain, he or she will not perform any physical activity in addition the person will not be able to socialize freely with other people. The person will also not think properly thus lacking both mental and spiritual thinking. This is because pain makes a person uncomfortable creating a feeling that something is wrong in the body. The pain in the body i.e. physical pain sends a signal to the brain through the spinal cords that something is wrong thus stopping the mind from working properly. It is therefore essential that after surgery a patient should receive a good pain control and community health service to enable him or her to rebuild his health. Effective pain management is therefore considered by nurses as part of recovery because it when it is well controlled it speeds up the process of healing and reduce complications that a person may experience as a result of surgery. Environment The surroundings in which individuals live do affect the activities performed in that particular environment. Nurses do require an enabling environment to enable them to perform their duties properly. After surgery it will for the well being of the patient to have a conducive environment in which physical, mental, spiritual and social healing is possible. The nature of the environment in which pain control is conducted is very essential and should be set to fit the requirements of different patients. Pain control will enable an individual to feel comfortable as he or she heals, get well faster and avoid some problems associated with surgery. The nurse theorist viewed was Margaret Newman who also came up with a nursing theory of health as an expanding consciousness which requires every person to find the meaning of life and find connections with other people in the rest of the world. According to Margaret, health means increasing awareness. She put forward that the role of a nurse is to identify the lifestyle of an individual so that the nurse can work within that lifestyle to help the individual achieve the goals of his or her life. Newmans theory includes the health of every individual irrespective of the condition of illness i.e. whether sick or well. Jean on the other hand developed a caring theory which involves the caring actions taken by nurses in their interaction with the patients. The caring theory involves the deep respect offered to patients by the nurses for the mysteries of life and the ability of the patients to change their lifestyles. Watsons caring theory also requires a nurse to help the patients to acquire self control, knowledge and healing not regarding their health conditions. The difference that exists between my beliefs on Newmans theory and Watsons caring theory is that Newmans theory was focused on helping every person whether in the absence or presence of sickness to understand his or her status. It focused on the adjustments that a nurse should put to ensure that a person meets his or her requirements. Watson on the other hand focused on caring for the patients, respecting them and helping them to understand themselves by acquiring self control, knowledge and healing. The similarity between the two theories is that both the two believe that it is the role of a nurse to ensure appropriate lifestyles for different persons whether sick or not. They both believe that a nurse should be able to identify or recognize and accurately detect the health status of a person and be able to help that person accordingly. They believe that a nurse must come together and engage in an interaction so that the nurse can understand the unique lifestyle of the person and provide care in a manner that fits that lifestyle. Finally both the beliefs involve human and nursing in the science of nursing in order to provide desired care to persons. The statement of my philosophy of nursing is the belief that Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery. Conclusion Surgery is a very painful exercise which usually requires an immediate pain control to stop the patient from suffering. Pain management especially after surgery is therefore very essential for the well being of the patient and nurses should ensure that it is provided to enable the patient to rebuild his or her health. Reference Newman, M. A. (1972). Nursings theoretical evolution. Nursing Outlook, 20(5), 449-453. Newman, M.A. (1979). Theory development in nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Newman, M. A. (1982). Time as an index of expanding consciousness with age. Nursing Research, 31(5), 290-293. Newman, M.A. (1983). Newmans health theory. In I. Clements F. Roberts (Eds.), Family health: A theoretical approach to nursing care (pp. 161-175). New York: John Wiley. Engle, V. F. (1984). Newmans conceptual framework and the measurement of older adults health. Advances in Nursing Science, 7(1), 24-36. Newman, M. A. (1984). Nursing diagnosis: Looking at the whole. American Journal of Nursing, 84(12), 1496-1499. Newman, M.A. (1986). Health as Expanding Consciousness. St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1987). Aging as increasing complexity. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 13(9), 16-18. Newman, M.A. (1990). Newmans theory of health as praxis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3(1), 37-41 Gustafson, W. (1990). Application of Newmans theory of health: Pattern recognition as nursing practice. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 141-161). New York: National League for Nursing. Kalb, K. A. (1990). The gift: Applying Newmans theory of health in nursing practice. In M. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 163-186). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Shifting to higher consciousness. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 129-139). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Toward an integrative model of professional practice. Journal of Professional Nursing, 6(3), 167-173. Newman, M. A., Lamb, G. S., Michaels, C. (1991). Nurse case management: The coming together of theory and practice. Nursing Health Care, 12(8), 404-408. Newman, M. A., Sime, A. M., Corcoran-Perry, S. A. (1991). The focus of the discipline of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(1), 1-6. Newman, M. A. (1992). Prevailing paradigms in nursing. Nursing Outlook, 40(1), 10-14. Marchione, J. (1993). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Newman, M. A. (1994). Health expanding consciousness (2nd ed.). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M.A. (1994). Theory for nursing practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7(4), 153-157. Newman, M. A. (1995). A developing discipline: Selected works of Margaret Newman. New York: National League for Nursing. Marchione, J. (1995). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In C. M. McQuiston A. A. Webb ( Eds.), Foundations of nursing theory: Contributions of 12 key theorists (pp. 261-316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Engle, V. F. (1996). Newmans theory of health. In J. J. Fitzpatrick A. L. Whall (Eds.), Conceptual models of nursing: Analysis and application (3rd ed., pp. 275-288). Stamford, CT: Appleton Lange. Newman, M.A. (1996). Theory of the nurse-client partnership. In E. Cohen (Ed.), Nurse case management in the 21st Century (pp. 119-123). St. Louis: Mosby Year-book. Newman, M. A. (1997). Experiencing the whole. Advances in Nursing Science, 20(1), 34-39. Newman, M. A. (1997). Evolution of the theory of health as expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 22-25. Yamashita, M., Jensen, E., Tall, F. (1998). Therapeutic touch: Applying Newmans theoretic approach. Nursing Science Quarterly, 11(2) 49-50. Desai, S., Keffer, M. J., Hensley, D. Kilgore-Keever, K. A., Langfitt, J. V. Peterson, L. (1998). Margaret A. Newman: Model of Health. In A. M. Tomey M. R. Alligood (Eds.), Nursing theorists and their work (4th ed., pp. 496-515). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1999). The rhythm of relating in a paradigm of wholeness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 227-230. Pharris, M. D. (2001). Margaret A. Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In Parker, M. (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (pp. 263-274). Philadelphia: Davis. Newman, M. A. (2002). Caring in the human health experience. International Journal for Human Caring. 6(2), 8-12. Newman, M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(3), 1-7. Witucki, J. M. (2002). Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness in nursing practice. In M. R. Alligood A. M. Tomey (Eds.), Nursing theory utilization application (2nd ed., pp. 429-449). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries. Advances in Nursing Science, 26(4), 240-245. Endo, E. (2004). Nursing praxis with Margaret Newmans theory of health expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 110-115. Health as Expanding Consciousness A website by Margaret Newman. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watsons conception of human life is tied to notions that ones soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of three ancillary concepts: LIFE, ILLNESS, and HEALTH. HUMAN LIFE is defined as spiritual-mental-physical being-in-the-world, which is continuous in time and space. ILLNESS is not necessarily disease. Illness is subjective turmoil or disharmony with a persons inner self or soul at some level or disharmony within the spheres of the person, either consciously or unconsciously. HEALTH refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul. TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING and caring transactions are those scientific, professional, ethical, yet esthetic, creative and personalized giving-receiving behaviors and responses between nurse and patient that allow for contact between the subjective world of the experiencing persons through physical, mental, or spiritual routes or some combination thereof. THE GOAL OF NURSING is to help persons gain a higher degree of harmony within the mind, body, and soul which generates self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing, and self-care processes while increasing diversity. Nursing interventions or CARATIVE FACTORS are: Humanistic-altruistic system of values Faith-hope Sensitivity to self and others Helping-trusting, human care relationship Expressing positive and negative feelings Creative problem-solving caring process Transpersonal teaching-learning Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment Human needs assistance Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces Return to Top This page was last modified on 6/1/02

Kant Vs Mill on the Issue of Lying Essay -- Philosophy, Ethics

Firstly, by looking at the first patient, whether she gets a kidney from her father or a â€Å"cadaver kidney† , there will be no difference because she needs a kidney nonetheless. The second patient however, cannot agree to give his kidney away because one of the main reasons is that he’s scared and lacks â€Å"the courage to make this donation†9. So right at this point, it can be seen that it would be better if the father didn’t give his kidney away because it wouldn’t cause him any happiness, whereas the daughter has two options to gIn everyday life, whether on a personal base or on a professional base, difficult scenarios, or also known as moral dilemmas, are present. Depending on whom the person is or what their belief and value systems are, the issue can be ‘resolved’. In this particular case, questions arise about whether it is morally right to lie to family members when something can be done, ignoring the fact of its after effec ts. The case will be explained in details later on including the patient’s state, but to answer this ethical question, two theorists will be presented for the con and pro side. For the con side, the deontologist Immanuel Kant will be presented with his theory that lying is prohibited under all circumstances, as for the pro side, John Stuart Mill will be presented for the utilitarian theory stating that whichever decision brings out the most happiness is the right decision. After discussing the case, my personal view of what is right will be stated with my own reasons, which is that lying is the right decision to be taken. This case study which is taken from Robert M. Veatch’s Medical Ethics book is about a 5 year old girl, who from the last 3 years, has been suffering from â€Å"progressive renal failure† which... ...nication for no one would be saying the truth. et a donor kidney. Books: Hill, Thomas E., "Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives." In The Blackwell guide to Kant's ethics. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 5-9. Rachels, James, and Stuart Rachels. "7,8,9,10." In The elements of moral philosophy. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. 97-145. Veatch, Robert M.,"The Normative Principles of Medical Ethics." In Medical ethics. 1997. Reprint, Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 1989 29-56. Websites: consequentialist. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/consequentialist (accessed: December 05, 2011). Mill, John Stuart. â€Å"Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill.† Utilitarianism: past, present and future. http://www.utilitarianism.com/mill2.htm (accessed December 05, 2011).

Move Aside Fat and Say Hello to Healthy Solutions Essay -- Health, Nut

A student’s stomach growls, and what is to come for lunch is immediately thought of. Will it be the overcooked, dried out pizza pockets, or the cracked, gooey bean burritos? When the student thinks about their empty stomach, filling it with precooked food simply warmed up is anything but satisfying. So, what can be done to fill the empty stomach? The unthinkable: eating a school lunch. Simply entering the school cafeteria is daring enough, but now having to eat the food? How outrageous this seems. The student has given the secretary their lunch number and next has picked out a clean tray. Along with this, a choice of milk of has been selected and then the mound of slump has been placed on their tray. If this is not daring enough, the student subsequently picks up the ‘burger’ and is immediately shocked; the student realizes he is no longer hungry, and proceeds to dump the tray. What seems to be the problem here? School lunches should be appetizing, yet nutritious, right? Do not all schools pursue the food guide pyramid? The answer is no, they do not. Nanci Hellmich brings this to attention, â€Å"For many years, school meals have been criticized for their high-fat, overly processed foods and not enough nutrient-rich fare† (2). Does having an unhealthy school lunch have an effect on childhood obesity? The answer is yes. Michelle Obama has a campaign called â€Å"Let’s Move† which, â€Å"stresses the importance of healthy school meals because many children consume at least half of their daily calories at school† (Dickey 1). Although schools are not expected to solve the childhood obesity problem, it still is a major factor (Paulson 2). Not only do students need a nutritional meal to keep them healthy, but also to help them stay ... ... or pizza pockets can now be switched with freshly grilled hamburgers from local cattle. Dickey reports the reason school lunches are stressed to be healthy is because, â€Å"many children consume at least half of their daily calories at school† (1). With an increasing obesity rate in America, a healthy school lunch should be a necessity. Increasing vegetables and fruits in meals, having farmers connect with schools, and making a healthy meal play issued by the USDA and the students are all solutions to fix the unhealthy, yet unlikable school lunches. The best solution to getting healthier, more likeable school lunches is getting chefs to help out with meals. Thus the healthy meals are being prepared with a delicate, artistic look. In the midst of having a nation with high obesity rates, students should always be able to reckon on getting a healthy school lunch.

Thesis: Demography and Reproductive Health

IMPLEMENTATION OF RH BILL IN THE PHILIPPINES A RESEARCH Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study â€Å"Where is the provision that recognizes the sanctity of family life? Where’s the provision to protect the life of the unborn, from conception? Is this bill morally acceptable? †These are some of the question that will give an answer as you strived reading and analyzing this research study. What is population? Population is all organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area.The Webster Dictionary defined population as the total number of persons inhabiting in a country, city or any district or area. Overpopulation is the most crucial issue in the Philippines. Many people suffer from poverty, hunger and slackness due to some conflicts the government cannot sustain the primary needs of its people, as the issue concerns the government still finding a adequate and right population policy. The population policy in one country or st ate aimed at controlling the quantity, and improving the quality of family life as well as managing the distribution of population so as to improve the community is economic life.Philippines is ranked as the twelfth most densely populated country in the world compromising approximately population of 90 million(as of in 2006). According to some reliable research and documents, the population of the Philippines continually increasing as it goes by in the succeeding years. To control this matter the House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines proposed a bill which suggest to limit the population birth rate and to balance the over population, This bill was recognize to be called as Reproductive Health Bill, which was the main focus of the study.The first time the Reproductive Health Bill was proposed was in 1998. During the present 15th Congress, the RH Bills filed are those authored by (1) House Minority Leader Edcel Lagman of Albay, HB 96; (2) Iloilo Rep. Janet Garin, HB 101, (3) Akbayan Representatives Kaka Bag-ao & Warren Bello; HB 513, (4) Muntinlupa Representative Rodolfo Biazon, HB 1160, (5) Iloilo Representative Augusto Syjuco, HB 1520, (6) Gabriela Rep. Luzviminda Ilagan. In the Senate, Sen.Miriam Defensor Santiago has filed her own version of the RH bill which, she says, will be part of the country’s commitment to international covenants. On January 31, 2011, the House of Representatives Committee on Population and Family Relations voted to consolidate all House versions of the bill, which is entitled An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Policy on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population Development and for Other Purposes.According to the Senate Policy Brief titled Promoting Reproductive Health, the history of reproductive health in the Philippines dates back to 1967 when leaders of 12 countries including the Philippines' Ferdinand Marcos signed the Declaration on Population. The Philippines agreed that the popula tion problem be considered as the principal element for long-term economic development. Thus, the Population Commission (Popcom) was created to push for a lower family size norm and provide information and services to lower fertility rates.The Reproductive Health Bill, popularity known as the RH Bill, is a Philippine Bill aiming to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care. The bill was become the center of a contentious national debate. House Bill No. 5043, the RH filled in previous Congress, called for the promotion of both artificial and natural methods of family planning, sex education and responsible parenthood. This bill indicated that the government would support couples who wanted to limit the number of their children by using contraceptives.However, there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great debate on its key proposal that the Filipino taxpayer and private sector will fund and u ndertake widespread distribution of family planning devices birth control pills(BCPs)and IUDs, as the government continuous to disseminate information on their use through all health care centers. Private companies and the public and private elementary and secondary school system will be required to participate in this information and product dissemination as a way of controlling the population of the Philippines.This Bill is very controversial, as it is being opposed by concerned citizens, especially the pro-life, pro-family, and pro-God groups, regardless of creed of religion. The RCC or Roman Catholic Church expresses the opposition against the bill on many counts, most especially the pronouncement and distribution of family planning devices which are abortifacient to fertilized eggs; they kill the young embryos, who as such are human beings equally worthy of respect, making the bill unconstitutional and morally incorrect.To illustrate how fundamentally divisive the issue is, two powerful institution in the Philippines find themselves at odds, as the bill is supported by the administration of the Philippine president Benigno Aquino III and actively opposed by Roman Catholic Church. The study wants to inform the readers about the truth behind the implementation of RH Bill. The researchers want to emphasize the issue of the growing population in the Philippines, as the government makes their step to combat this matter and how are the communities actively aware regarding this issue.The objective of this study are to be able to know the advantage and disadvantages of legalization of RH Bill, the consequences behind its provisions and proposal, It’s impact to the Philippine economy, and criticism of concerned Filipino citizen, will it be an effective solution to combat the overpopulation. This research study was formed not to be bias in both parties being argue. We construct this study just to give additional information and to know the opinion of the maj ority coming from the voice of ordinary people, professionals and religious groups. Conceptual FrameworkThe two different theories which encompasses the issue of implementation of RH bill in the country as it is being pits into powerful sectors against each other – church on the one hand (theory of Existentialism)-and on the other hand, a well-funded institution the government (theory of Communism). Communism is a sociopolitical movement that aims for a classless and stateless society structured upon common ownership of the means of production, free access to articles of consumption, and the end of wage labor and private property in the means of production and real estate.It is a specific stage of historical development that inevitably emerges from the development of the productive forces that leads to a superabundance of material wealth, allowing for distribution based on need and social relations based on freely-associated individuals. This theory was gradually proposed by Karl Marx and adopted by different countries. The Reproductive Health Bill, popularly known as the RH Bill, is a Philippine bill aiming to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care. The bill has become the center of a contentious national ebate. The communist countries are the first ones who implement the law because they believe that wealth will be achievable in areas where there has less population. The state owns and controls the businesses and it is very easy for them to ‘steal' money if they have the control. Less population makes the state business to provide small budget for the people because they provide the basic needs of their people. They have believed that much number of people is hard to control because of these reasons: 1. the state needs to provide big budget for the basic needs of its people. 2.There will be a tendency that the money they can get from the state business will decrease because they need to balance t he budget. 3. The people will become threat to the state due to the uprisings if more and more people become aware that the state is no longer capable to provide their needs. 4. It is easy to ‘brainwash' the entire nation when it has only few people. Good economists disagree that population is reversely proportional to growth. They believe that the population is directly proportional to growth because the economic activity is very high in areas where population is very dense.Another theory which represents the side of Roman Catholic Church regarding about their strong opposition concerning the bill was the theory of existentialism were they get the idea of importance of the life of the unborn. Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a number of philosophers since the 19th century who, despite large differences in their positions, generally focused on the condition of human existence, and an individual's emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts, or the meaning or purpose of life.Existential philosophers often focused more on what is subjective, such as beliefs and religion, or human states, feelings, and emotions, such as freedom, pain, guilt, and regret, as opposed to analyzing objective knowledge, language, or science. The early 19th century philosopher Soren Kierkegaard is regarded as the father of existentialism. He maintained that the individual is solely responsible for giving his or her own life meaning and for living that life passionately and sincerely, in spite of many existential obstacles and distractions including despair, angst, absurdity, alienation, and boredom.Subsequent existentialist philosophers retain the emphasis on the individual, but differ, in varying degrees, on how one achieves and what constitutes a fulfilling life, what obstacles must be overcome, and what external and internal factors are involved, including the potential consequences of the existence or non-existence of God. Many existentialists have also re garded traditional systematic or academic philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience. Existentialism became fashionable in the post-World War years as a way to reassert the importance of human individuality and freedom.Research Paradigm Output Output Dependent Variables Dependent Variables Independent Variables Independent Variables Religious Groups Religious Groups Economic progress and development. Unequalization in the Community. Economic progress and development. Unequalization in the Community. RH BILL in the Philippines RH BILL in the Philippines Professional Professional Ordinary People Ordinary People Philippine Gov’t Philippine Gov’t Statement of the Problem The proponents would like to study the issue of the growing population of the Philippines, the implementation of RH Bill and the consequences behind its provisions and proposal.The proponents aim to address the following questions: 1. What are the advan tages and disadvantages of implementing RH bill to the Filipino society? 2. What are the reasons why women with unmet need in the Philippines do not practice contraception in the Philippines? 3. What are the views and opinions of the religious groups, professionals, and common people? 1. 2 Assumptions One of the measures to be adopted by the RH Bill is to inculcate in the educational curriculum matters pertaining to reproductive health, responsible parenthood, sex education, etc.My issue is that in Criminal law, persons below the age of 15 are presumed to be innocent and cannot incur criminal liability. It seems that our law is inconsistent in the sense that as far as reproductive health is concerned; persons below 15 are presumed to be mature enough to be educated on such topics yet are presumed to be innocent with respect to criminal liability. The advantages of the RH bill in third world countries like Philippines, reproductive health bill (less population) means economic growth, less crimes, less uneducated children, more food on the table without resorting to begging.This bill hopes to provide midwives for skilled attendance to childbirth and emergency obstetric care, even in geographically isolated and depressed areas. Thus, the one of the causes of maternal mortality, that arising from unattended births, will be addressed. The disadvantages of the Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is the undue focus being given to reproductive health and population and development, when many more urgent and important health problems need to be addressed in the country, those that cause a significant number of deaths across the country such as cardiovascular diseases and infections.Financial resources allotted by foreign donors to assist the Philippine government programs could actually be better spent towards pursuing health programs targeting communicable diseases than purchasing artificial contraceptives. The bill also calls for the integration of family pla nning and responsible parenthood in anti-poverty programs. The most common reasons why women with unmet need in the Philippines do not practice contraception are health concerns about contraceptive methods, including a fear of side effects.The second largest category of reasons why women with unmet need do not use contraceptives is that many believe they are unlikely to become pregnant. Their specific reasons include having sex infrequently, experiencing lactation amenorrhea (temporary infertility while nursing) and being less fecund than normal. The cost of contraceptive supplies has become a more common reason for nonuse in of contraception in recent years.The proponents assume that the views and opinion of the respondents will result into three sides: the religious group will opposed the bill, professional will somehow agrees and advocates the bill, and the result of the survey for common people will be divided into both points of views of the two first respondents. Significance of the Study This section of the book is written by the proponent to give emphasize and overlook to the possible effect of the study to the concern individual. It contains criticism and encouragement to the following type and group of people.Barangay Officials – This will help them realize that RH Bill may help lessen their communities growing population and inform their people about effective method in family planning. Couple – This will make them realize that they use contraceptives if they are not yet ready on having a child. Doctors – This will help them realize about informing their patients with sexually transmitted disease that using contraceptives may prevent those diseases. Filipino Women – This will help them to understand that abortion is wrong and educate them about unnecessary pregnancy.Filipino Family – This will help them decide freely and responsibly the number of spacing of children and to have information and means to do so, and t o informed them the effective family planning method, and to make them understand that abortion is not included in family planning. Prostitutes – This will make them realize the importance of contraceptives to their job, this will prevent them on having a sexually transmitted disease like AIDS and STD. Religious groups – This will make them realize that this bill may be the only solution on our growing population and make them also understand hat abortion and using artificial contraceptives are different matter. Students – This will make them realize that this law might be the answer to our growing population, and for not committing unnecessary sex at their age. Teenagers – This will make them aware about the content of the bill and the importance of being responsible to their life and point it out that abortion is not right. Scope and Delimitation The bill is national in scope, comprehensive, rights-based and provides adequate funding to the population p rogram.It is a departure from the present setup in which the provision for reproductive health services is devolved to local government units, and consequently, subjected to the varying strategies of local government executives and suffers from a dearth of funding. The reproductive health (RH) bill promotes information on and access to both natural and modern family planning methods, which are medically safe and legally permissible. It assures an enabling environment where women and couples have the freedom of informed choice on the mode of family planning they want to adopt based on their needs, personal convictions and religious beliefs.The bill does not have any bias for or against either natural or modern family planning. Both modes are contraceptive methods. Their common purpose is to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The bill will promote sustainable human development. The UN stated in 2002 that â€Å"family planning and reproductive health are essential to reducing poverty. â₠¬  The Unicef also asserts that â€Å"family planning could bring more benefits to more people at less cost than any other single technology now available to the human race. † Coverage of RH. 1) Information and access to natural and modern family planning (2) Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition (3) Promotion of breast feeding (4) Prevention of abortion and management of post-abortion complications (5) Adolescent and youth health (6) Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections, HIV/AIDS and STDs (7) Elimination of violence against women (8). This study will give an additional information and concrete background about the reality of proposing and opposing this bill.The proponent will use their patient and much effort in conducting a good compilation of ideas regarding population explosion and the population policy which is particularly mandates by the government. The proponent will try to overlook on the broader and wider data and information that is based on the facts and reliable sources. This research will help us to critically evaluate and examine the motives of the two powerful institutions in the Philippines, as the bill is supported by the administration of the Philippine President Benigno Aquino III and actively opposed by Roman Catholic Church.The condition of this research is likely to hear the views and opinions of religious groups, professionals and common people. The voice of majority is the most valuable in this research study. The group will gather information through questionnaires together with interviews and reliable sources. The proponents will conduct their interview into three types of group of people: the religious group, professional and common people. The proponents also relied on the internet regarding the related topic. Moreover, the respondents for religious groups were coming from the opinions of Sto.Nino Parish Church at Brgy. Bago Bantay, teachers of social studies major in Economics of San Francis co High School and students taking Bachelor of Science in Nursing at Our Lady of Fatima University for professionals, and residents of Brgy. Bahay Toro for common people. The said respondents were male and female and will serve as an instrument to make our thesis be fulfilled. Definition of Terms This section will be of use for reference, and will serve as a medium of an invaluable aid to a complete understanding and deeper appreciation of the words/terms being use in conducting this study.It is an improvise dictionary make by the proponent in order to gain the research more factual and easily comprehensible by the readers. Abortion – lexically, the expulsion of a nonviable fetus; spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during first 12 weeks of generation; operationally, a barbaric and inhumane practices ever devised by sinful man; murder of the unborn. Abortifacient – lexically, inducing abortion. Advocating/Advocate – lexically, one that pleads the cause of ano ther. Approximate – lexically, to bring near close.Bias – lexically, to incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess. Birth Control Pills (BCPs) – lexically, known as oral contraceptives, stop the development of the egg and also help in thickening the cervical mucus in the uterus, thus restricting the passage of the sperms to the egg. Common People – Operationally, a group of people which is one of the respondents of the study; they will serve as the medium of the proponent to make the study factual and reliable. Compromising/Comprise – lexically, to come to agreement by mutual concession.Condoms – Operationally, are the most commonly used male contraceptives to escape pregnancy using condoms during sexual intercourse acts like a barrier for sperms to enter the vagina, thus restricting their contact with the egg. Congress – lexically, an assembly or conference; a gathering; operatio nally, in the study House of representative or Congress was the proponent of RH Bill. Contraceptive – Operationally, a form of chemical and medicine which was indicated in RH Bill in order to control the birth rate and overpopulation. Contradictory – lexically, involving, causing, or constituting a contradiction.Development – lexically, refers to a multi-dimensional process involving major changes in social structures, popular attitudes, and national intuitions as well as the acceleration of economic growth, the reduction of inequality and the eradication of widespread poverty. Disseminate – lexically, to scatter widely. Divisive – lexically, creating disunity or dissension. Economy – lexically, the management of household or private affairs and especial expenses; a thirty and efficient use of material resources; Operationally, the main purpose of the government in implementing RH Bill is to have a healthy economy.Embryo – lexically, refers to a child at the early stages of development. Family Planning – lexically, planning intended to determine the number and spacing of one’s children through effective methods of birth control. a. Natural Family Planning – any several methods of family planning that do not involve sterilization or contraceptive devices or drugs; coitus is avoided during the fertile time of a woman’s menstrual cycle. b. Artificial Family Planning – means of preventing pregnancy that involves some kind of device or medication.It does not include periodic abstinence or the withdrawal method. Fertilized Ovum – lexically, the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a sperm. Fetus – lexically, the young in the womb of viviparous animals in the later stages of development, specifically in women from the end of the second month, prior to which it is called to embryo; unborn offspring. Fertilization – lexically, is the fusion of gametes to pro duce a new organism. In human, the process involves the fusion of an ovum with a sperm, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.Intrauterine device (IUD) – lexically, the IUD or Copper T as it is commonly known is a very convenient, safe and reversible method of family planning which does not require a daily routine. It is small device made of metal, copper or plastic that is inserted into the uterus of a woman of reproductive age, for as long as she does not want a pregnancy. Normally once it is inserted, it stays in place for 5 to 10 years and inhibits the entry of sperms into the inner recesses of the vagina and also prevents fertilization.Implementation/Implement – lexically, carry out accomplish to give practical effect to and ensure of and ensure of actual fulfillment by concrete measures. Inter-breed – lexically; to breed together. Legalization – lexically, it is an authentication or certification by an appropriate public authority; the act of making legal. Population – lexically, it is a number of or term for all the inhabitants of a designated territory; is all organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area.Population Explosion – lexically, a pyramiding of numbers of biological population; especially the recent great increase in human numbers resulting from both increased survival and exponential population growth. Population Policy – lexically, measures taken by a state to modify the way its population is changing; defined as legislative measures, administrative programs, and other governmental actions intended to alter or modify existing population trends and composition in the interest of national survival and welfare.Population Development – lexically, refers to a program that aims to: (1) help couples and parent achieve their desired family size; (2) improve reproductive health of individuals by addressing reproductive health problems; (3 ) contribute to decreased maternal and infant mortality rates and early child mortality; (4) reduce incidence of teenage pregnancy; and (5) enable government to achieve a balanced population distribution. Procure – lexically, to get possession of obtain by particular care and effort.Professional – lexically, it is the one who pursues as a business some vocation or occupation one skilled profession. Reproductive Health Education – lexically, refers to the process of acquiring complete, accurate and relevant information on all matters relating to the reproductive system, its functions and processes and human sexuality; and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, interpersonal relationships, affection, intimacy and gender roles. Responsible Parenthood – lexically, is the core responsibilities of parents to provide the needs of the children they have in term of the aspects in life.It is putting the needs of the child over your own. Religious People – lexically, group of people devoted to religious beliefs or observances. Reproductive Health (RH) Bill – lexically, a Philippine Bill aiming to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care Roman Catholic Church – operationally, pro-life groups whose against the RH Bill; they promotes only natural family planning and is opposed to the use of artificial birth-control pills, saying these could lead to promiscuity and a rise in abortion cases.Sex Education – lexically, it is a broad term used to describe  education  about human sexual,  sexual reproduction,  sexual intercourse,  reproductive health, emotional relations,  reproductive rights  and responsibilities, abstinence,  contraception, and other aspects of  human sexual behavior. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, school programs, and public health campaigns. Vibrant – lexically, it is readily set in vi bration.